With more than 9 billion gigabytes of information traveling the
internet every day, researchers are constantly looking for new ways
to compress data into smaller packages. Cutting-edge techniques
focus on lossy approaches, which achieve compression by
intentionally “losing” information from a transmission. Google, for
instance, recently unveiled a lossy strategy where the sending
computer drops details from an image and the receiving computer uses
artificial intelligence to guess the missing parts. Even Netflix
uses a lossy approach, downgrading video quality whenever the
company detects that a user is watching on a low-resolution device.
Very little research, by contrast, is currently being pursued on
lossless strategies, where transmissions are made smaller, but no
substance is sacrificed. The reason? Lossless approaches are already
remarkably efficient. They power everything from the PNG image
standard to the ubiquitous software utility PKZip. And it’s all
because of a graduate student who was simply looking for a way out
of a tough final exam.