Learn Vimscript the Hard Way is a book for users of the Vim editor who want to learn how to customize Vim.
It is not a guide to using Vim. Before reading this book you should be comfortable editing text in Vim and know what terms like "buffer", "window" and "insert mode" mean.
Source: Learn Vimscript the Hard Way, an online book by Steve Losh.
JavaScript moves variables and functions declaration to the top of its scope during execution. This behaviour in JavaScript is called Hoisting.
Source: JavaScript: Variable Hoisting, an article by Karthik Vasudevan.
Since its start, Python’s grammar has been LL(1): it needs only a left-to-right parser that looks one token ahead to resolve ambiguities. The standard CPython parser is produced by a simple custom parser generator. There are some costs to this simplicity, however.
Source: Replacing CPython’s parser, an article by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis.