Hashing
As a programmer, you use hash functions every day. They're used in databases to optimise queries, they're used in data structures to make things faster, they're used in security to keep data safe. Almost every interaction you have with technology will involve hash functions in one way or another.
Hash functions are foundational, and they are everywhere.
But what is a hash function, and how do they work?
Source: Hashing, an article by Sam Rose.